To those interested in high-end bicycles or sporting goods, carbon fiber may sound familiar, but it is relied on for myriad applications far beyond exercise and recreation. A composite of materials made from latticed carbon atoms, carbon fiber is known for its strength, rigidity and light weight. In fact, it is because of this unique combination of strength and low weight that carbon fiber underpins vital domestic supply chains for aerospace, transportation, energy, defense and other advanced manufacturing sectors. Expanding its use depends on making carbon fiber production faster, more efficient and more affordable.